What did the researchers investigate?

Researchers analysed data from the Swedish NICE birth cohort, following hundreds of children from infancy through to six years of age. Their aim was to understand whether the timing of introducing different foods during a baby’s first year could influence the risk of developing food allergies, eczema or allergic asthma later in childhood.

The study included 462 children with detailed dietary information. During the first year of life, parents completed monthly questionnaires about breastfeeding, formula feeding and the introduction of various foods, including meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, fruits, potatoes, bread, porridge and other complementary foods.

When the children reached six years of age, they were assessed by a paediatric allergy specialist, with food allergy diagnoses confirmed using standard clinical assessment and food-challenge testing where appropriate.

What did the study find?

The most notable finding was that children who were introduced to meat earlier had a lower likelihood of developing food allergies by age six.

Researchers found that:

• Earlier meat introduction was associated with a 24% lower risk of food allergy.
• The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
• The association became even stronger when children who already had food allergies at age one were excluded from the analysis.

By age six, the prevalence of allergic conditions in the study group was:

• 3.7% had food allergies
• 16% had atopic eczema
• 12% had allergic asthma

What about eczema and asthma?

Interestingly, the timing of introducing foods during infancy did not appear to influence the risk of developing eczema or allergic asthma.

While researchers observed some associations with foods such as eggs and margarine, these findings were less consistent after accounting for factors such as family history of allergies and existing allergies in infancy.

What does this mean?

The findings suggest that introducing meat earlier in infancy may be linked to a lower risk of food allergy later in childhood. However, this was an observational study, meaning it can identify associations but cannot prove that earlier meat introduction directly prevents food allergies.

Every child is different, and feeding decisions should always be made in consultation with qualified healthcare professionals and according to relevant infant-feeding guidelines.

As researchers continue to investigate the relationship between nutrition and immune development, studies like this help improve our understanding of how early dietary choices may influence long-term health outcomes.

So, which animals get Foot and Mouth Disease, how does it spread, and what is being done to control it? Let’s unpack everything you need to know about this highly contagious livestock disease and the role RMIS plays in strengthening South Africa’s defences against it.

What Is Foot and Mouth Disease?

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral infection that affects cloven-hoofed animals — animals with split hooves. It is caused by the Foot and Mouth Disease virus (Aphthovirus), which spreads quickly between herds and across borders.

The disease leads to blisters and ulcers on the mouth, tongue, teats, and hooves, causing pain, fever, and a sharp drop in milk and meat production. Although FMD has a low mortality rate in adult animals, it causes enormous economic and trade losses due to movement restrictions and export bans.

What Causes Foot and Mouth Disease?

The FMD virus exists in seven different strains — O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3.
In Southern Africa, SAT (Southern African Territories) 1–3 are the most common. These strains often persist in African buffalo populations, making disease control more complex.

Transmission occurs through:

• Direct contact between infected and healthy animals
• Contaminated vehicles, feed, clothing, or equipment
• Windborne spread over short distances
• Movement of infected animals across regions or borders
• Humans – FMD can live in a person’s throat (airway) up to 3 days, even if you feel fine, you could pass it to your animals just by breathing near them

This is why traceability and strict biosecurity controls are vital — both areas where RMIS plays a leading role.

Which Animals Get Foot and Mouth Disease?

The keyword question — which animals get Foot and Mouth Disease — can be answered simply: any cloven-hoofed animal is susceptible. However, some species are more vulnerable or act as long-term carriers.

Let’s break it down:

Cattle

• Most susceptible hosts of the virus.
• Show clear clinical signs: fever, drooling, and blisters on the mouth, nose, and hooves.
• Reduced milk yield, weight loss, and secondary infections often follow.
• Movement bans cause major economic strain on farmers and processors.

Pigs

• Highly infectious amplifiers — they release large amounts of virus particles.
• Often show severe blisters on the snout and feet, leading to lameness and loss of appetite.
• FMD can devastate entire pig farms if not quickly contained.

Sheep and Goats

• May show mild or no visible symptoms, making early detection difficult.
• Despite appearing healthy, they can still spread the virus silently within flocks or to other species.

Buffalo and Wild Game

• African buffalo are natural reservoirs of the SAT strains of FMD.
• They can carry the virus for extended periods without showing symptoms.
• The wildlife–livestock connections, particularly in conservation areas, remain one of the main challenges for disease eradication in South Africa.

Also learn about: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Animals in SA

Animals That Don’t Get Foot and Mouth Disease

Not all animals are affected by this virus. Horses, donkeys, and humans do not get Foot and Mouth Disease.

It’s important to note that the human illness called “Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease” — often seen in children — is completely different. It’s caused by a separate virus and has no connection to the livestock disease.

This clarification helps prevent confusion and unnecessary panic during outbreaks.

How Foot and Mouth Disease Spreads

The FMD virus is incredibly resilient and can survive in soil, clothing, and equipment for weeks under cool conditions. It spreads through:

• Direct animal contact: saliva, milk, or respiratory droplets.
• Contaminated materials: feed, vehicles, boots, tools, or bedding.
• Airborne transmission
• Cross-border livestock movement: one of the biggest challenges in Southern Africa.

This highlights the need for digital traceability — ensuring each animal can be tracked from farm to abattoir. RMIS’s national traceability framework helps make this possible.

Recognising the Symptoms

Quick identification is crucial. Here’s what to look for:

• High fever followed by drooling and loss of appetite
• Blisters and ulcers on the mouth, tongue, or lips
• Lameness or reluctance to walk
• Sores between hooves
• Reduced milk production in dairy cattle
• Weakness or sudden death in young animals

Farmers should immediately report suspected cases to local state veterinarians and/or state animal health officers.

Controlling and Preventing Foot and Mouth Disease

The Minister of Agriculture appointed the Ministerial Task Team for Controlled Diseases (MTT) to strengthen national coordination in managing FMD outbreaks. 

The team is focusing on six priority areas:

1. Field Services & Epidemiology
2. Diagnostics & Surveillance
3. Vaccination
4. Research
5. Feedlots & Auctions
6. Market Access

South Africa maintains a zoned control system, dividing regions into:

• FMD-free zones (export-approved)
• Protection zones (buffer areas)
• Infected zones (where outbreaks have occurred)

Key prevention and control measures include:

• Vaccination campaigns: Using locally relevant SAT-strain vaccines. RMIS recently helped coordinate the procurement of 644,000 doses to strengthen national vaccine supply.
• Movement restrictions: Preventing spread between zones and provinces.
• Biosecurity protocols: Cleaning vehicles, equipment, and footwear between farms.
• Traceability Platform: Tracking livestock movements to contain outbreaks faster.

The Future of FMD Control in South Africa

RMIS’s vision aligns with the Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030 — building a resilient, traceable, and inclusive red meat value chain.

By investing in:

• Digital traceability and animal identification systems
• Appointing a dedicated Veterinarian
• RMIS Operational Centre
• Early-warning disease surveillance
• Research through the Field to Future programme
• Collaboration with state veterinarians and farmer associations

South Africa can reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks — safeguarding both animal health and rural livelihoods.

Conclusion: Which Animals Get Foot and Mouth Disease?

So, which animals get Foot and Mouth Disease? Primarily cloven-hoofed species — cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and buffalo — are at risk. While horses and humans remain unaffected, the broader impact on trade and community welfare makes FMD a national concern.

Want to know more about which animals get Foot and Mouth Disease and how to protect your herd? Stay informed through RMIS’s latest updates, vaccination insights, and traceability solutions. Contact RMIS today to help strengthen South Africa’s animal-health and biosecurity systems.

Let’s unpack what red meat is, what makes it unique, and how it supports a sustainable and traceable food system through initiatives like those led by Red Meat Industry Services (RMIS).

What Is Red Meat?

The term red meat refers to meat that appears red when raw and darker after cooking. Scientifically, this colour comes from myoglobin, a protein found in animal muscle that stores oxygen. The higher the myoglobin content, the “redder” the meat appears.

Common examples of red meat include:

• Beef (from cattle)
• Lamb and mutton (from sheep)
• Goat meat
• Pork (from pigs)
• Venison and other game meats

In contrast, poultry and fish are considered white meats because of their lower myoglobin levels.

In South Africa, red meat plays a vital role in everyday meals and festive traditions — from Sunday roasts to braais — reflecting both cultural identity and nutritional importance.

Nutritional Value of Red Meat

Red meat is one of the most nutrient-dense foods available. It provides a powerful mix of high-quality protein and essential vitamins and minerals.

Key nutrients in red meat include:

• Protein: Complete source containing all nine essential amino acids
• Iron: Especially heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body
• Zinc: Supports immune function and metabolism
• Vitamin B12: Important for nerve health and red blood cell production
• Niacin, Riboflavin, and B6: Aid in energy metabolism

These nutrients make red meat particularly valuable for growth, repair, and overall vitality. When consumed in moderation and as part of a balanced diet, red meat contributes to healthy muscle development, strong immunity, and cognitive function.

Health Benefits of Red Meat

1. Prevents Iron Deficiency:

Red meat is one of the best dietary sources of bioavailable iron, helping prevent fatigue, anaemia, and cognitive decline.

2. Supports Muscle and Bone Health:

High-quality proteins in beef and lamb supply essential amino acids that aid muscle growth, tissue repair, and bone strength.

3. Boosts Mental Focus and Energy:

B vitamins and zinc in red meat help improve concentration, energy levels, and stress management.

4. Maintains Hormonal Balance:

Healthy fats in moderate amounts support hormone regulation and cellular function.

Myths and Misconceptions About Red Meat

Despite its benefits, red meat is sometimes misunderstood. Let’s clear up a few common myths:

• Myth 1: All red meat is unhealthy.
  The issue lies not in the meat itself but in how it’s processed or prepared. Fresh, lean cuts of red meat can be part of a healthy diet.
  
• Myth 2: Red meat always raises cholesterol.
  Lean red meats (like sirloin or fillet) contain lower saturated fat and can even improve good HDL cholesterol levels when eaten sensibly.
  
• Myth 3: Plant protein can replace red meat entirely.
  While plant proteins are excellent, they often lack the complete amino acid profile that red meat provides.

Balanced consumption — around 2–3 portions per week — along with vegetables, legumes, and grains, is the healthiest approach.

Red Meat in South Africa: A Vital Industry

South Africa’s red meat industry isn’t just about food — it’s about jobs, growth, and national development.

According to the Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030, the sector contributes billions to agricultural GDP and supports thousands of producers across the value chain — from feedlots to butcheries. Over 40% of the national herd belongs to communal and smallholder farmers, making red meat production a key driver of inclusive growth.

The Role of RMIS

Red Meat Industry Services (RMIS) acts as the industry’s coordination hub, driving innovation, traceability, and sustainability across the value chain.

RMIS focuses on:

• Traceability and Animal Health: Through its national traceability platform and GLN certification, RMIS ensures safe, transparent meat supply chains.
• Research and Development: Via its Field to Future initiative, RMIS funds practical research that strengthens productivity and resilience.
• Market Intelligence: RMIS publishes regular price dashboards, slaughter data, and reports that help producers and processors make informed decisions.

Sustainability and Ethical Meat Production

Consumers today want to know where their meat comes from and how it was produced. RMIS is leading this transformation through traceability and responsible farming standards.

Key aspects of sustainable red meat production include:

• Animal Welfare: Ensuring animals are raised humanely and under good living conditions.
• Environmental Stewardship: Promoting rotational grazing and efficient resource use to protect soil and water.
• Disease Control: Supporting early warning systems for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) and other threats.
• Inclusive Growth: Empowering smallholder farmers with training, market access, and digital tools.

Together, these efforts strengthen South Africa’s reputation as a producer of safe, ethical, and high-quality red meat.

How to Choose and Prepare Red Meat

To enjoy red meat healthily and sustainably, consider the following tips:

When buying:

• Look for bright red, firm cuts with minimal visible fat.
• Support local, traceable producers where possible.
• Opt for lean cuts like sirloin, rump, or fillet.

When cooking:

• Avoid over-charring — it can form harmful compounds.
• Use gentle cooking methods like grilling or baking.
• Pair with fibre-rich sides such as vegetables or whole grains.

When eating:

• Balance portion sizes (about the size of your palm).
• Limit processed meats (like sausages) in favour of fresh cuts.
• Combine red meat with plant-based foods for complete nutrition.

Do you know the: Red Meat Prices in South Africa 2025

The Future of Red Meat in South Africa

The future of red meat is about responsibility and innovation. With global demand rising, South Africa’s producers are focusing on traceability, carbon reduction, and digital data systems to stay competitive and sustainable.

Through RMIS-led programmes, the industry is building a resilient, transparent, and tech-driven value chain that benefits producers, consumers, and the planet.

Conclusion: What is Red Meat?

So, what is red meat? It’s more than just a source of protein — it’s a symbol of heritage, livelihood, and progress. From the farmer’s field to the dinner table, red meat connects people, communities, and economies. With the right balance of nutrition, ethics, and innovation, South Africa’s red meat sector can continue to thrive — ensuring that every cut is produced responsibly, traceably, and sustainably.

Want to learn more beyond what is red meat and how South Africa’s red meat industry drives traceability, sustainability, and growth? Contact RMIS today to partner in building a stronger, future-ready red meat value chain.

Pretoria, South Africa – Red Meat Industry Services (RMIS), in collaboration with the University of Pretoria and Zoetis, just launched a research initiative to investigate one of the red meat industry’s most costly challenges: the economic impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) virus persistence in slaughtered cattle.

The study, “Evidence-Based Risk Reduction for FMD Virus Persistence at Slaughter”, will generate the scientific evidence required to revise current slaughter regulations that impose blanket restrictions on meat from FMD-recovered cattle. These restrictions are not only outdated but also result in significant wastage, especially of offal and other by-products, causing financial strain across the red meat value chain.

Led by Professor Armanda Bastos from the Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Pretoria, the expected outcomes include:

• Phase 1A: Determine if deboning is necessary at 15 days post-Day Zero and quantify carrier prevalence
• Phase 1B: Identify virus persistence sites in heads, glands, and offal to guide safe trade and policy revision
• Phase 2: Develop a serological test to distinguish carriers from recovered animals, as a critical first step to development of pen-side screening tests
• Phase 3: Assess the impact of different vaccines on virus clearance

The project, along with eight others, is a direct response to RMIS’s Field to Future framework, an industry-informed process to identify the real-world challenges faced by farmers, feedlots, abattoirs, and other value chain stakeholders.

“This is one of the most important research investments RMIS will make,” said Dewald Olivier, CEO of RMIS. “Foot-and-Mouth Disease continues to cost the red meat industry millions in lost value every year because of outdated regulations that don’t reflect current science. This research is about changing that, to protect the livelihoods of every role player in the red meat value chain.”

Prof Armanda Bastos, Director of the Hans Hoheisen Research Centre in the Kruger National Park stressed that: “The research showcases the rapid strides that can be made when different sectors pool expertise and resources to address the wide-reaching regulatory impacts of FMD. It will set a new benchmark for evidence-led, rapid response to the SAT-type virus outbreaks.”

Dr Ralf J. Patzelt, Business Unit Director, Livestock at Zoetis, shared the following:

“As the world’s leading animal health company, we are fully committed to the wellbeing and sustainability of the red meat industry in South Africa. By sponsoring this crucial research project together with the University of Pretoria and the Red Meat Industry Services (RMIS) we are demonstrating our dedication to supporting everyone involved in the red meat value chain, from producers and feedlots to processors and marketers.”

“Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) poses significant challenges to the industry, leading to extensive losses and threatening livelihoods. Our support for this study reflects our determination to help the industry find science-based solutions that minimise wastage, strengthen regulatory confidence, and safeguard trade credibility. We believe that investing in evidence-based FMD risk management is essential for the future resilience and growth of South Africa’s livestock sector.”

“Through this sponsorship, we reaffirm our commitment to partnership, innovation, and the advancement of animal health. Together, we aim to reduce unnecessary losses caused by FMD and contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous future for all stakeholders in the red meat industry.”

Want to learn more about the research RMIS funds?
https://rmis.co.za/research/

PRETORIA, South Africa – The Red Meat Industry Services (RMIS) officially rolled out Phase 2 of the RMIS Traceability Platform today, bringing South Africa’s red meat industry closer to full livestock traceability that will improve disease response and support market access.

The event attended by the Minister of Agriculture, Mr. John Steenhuisen, along with representatives from organised agriculture and other key stakeholders, showcased the practical functionality of the platform across the value chain. From capturing Global Location Numbers (GLNs) within existing integrated systems, to sharing movement data, generating traceability reports, and enabling disease tracking across the value chain.

To encourage inclusivity, RMIS also introduced the RMIS Movement App — a free, user-friendly tool developed for producers who are not yet using digital livestock management systems.

New in Phase 2

Phase 2 introduces API integration between the RMIS Traceability Platform and several digital livestock management systems used across the value chain. These include:

• Farm-level: Benguelasoft, Logix, AIMS, Datamars
• Auction: FlexiAuction
• Feedlot: Gigalot, Pointr Software
• Abattoir: Matrix Software

For the first time, these systems can securely share animal movement data in a standardised format with producers’ consent and without requiring them to use additional systems for traceability or duplicate capturing of data.

A list of integrated livestock management systems is available on the RMIS website at https://rmis.co.za/services/traceability/. As more systems become connected, the list will be updated to help producers identify which platforms support traceability integration.

Addressing Industry Challenges

With the launch of Phase 2, the RMIS Traceability Platform now offers practical solutions to some of the industry’s most persistent challenges:

• Abattoir-level traceability: Carcasses can now be tracked back to their origin.
• Export compliance: Enhanced data integrity strengthens compliance with export market protocols, supporting South Africa’s market access.
• Improved disease response: The platform helps trace outbreaks more quickly, giving the industry faster insight into where and how diseases are spreading.

Disease Control & Biosecurity Tools Now Built In

The platform now also includes features developed during the recent Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks:

• A Public FMD CaseMap showing confirmed FMD cases: rmis.co.za/disease-incidents
• Automatic WhatsApp alerts for registered users within a 10 km radius of a reported outbreak.

These tools aim to improve the industry’s ability to respond to outbreaks and manage movement restrictions more effectively.

Introducing the RMIS App

To support inclusivity, RMIS also unveiled the RMIS Movement App, a user-friendly tool designed for producers who are not yet using a digital livestock management system.

The app enables any registered production unit to record animal movements directly from their Global Location Number (GLN). It is focused solely on movement recording, not production data, and forms part of RMIS’s goal to build an inclusive and accessible national traceability network.

The RMIS Movement App will be available for Android users via the Google Play Store and iOS by the end of the year. It will be completely free, ensuring access across all sectors of the red meat value chain.

Aligned with the 2030 Red Meat Vision

The platform is a cornerstone of the Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030, addressing one of the sector’s biggest gaps, the absence of unified traceability. Phase 2 lays the foundation for real-time disease control, reliable export certifications and inclusive participation across all producer levels, helping South Africa’s red meat value chain become more responsive, secure, and future-ready

Understanding Livestock Breeds

Selecting the right livestock breeds is the foundation of a productive and sustainable farming operation. Each breed offers unique traits that influence growth rate, adaptability, and product quality — whether for meat, milk, wool, or breeding purposes. In South Africa, farmers typically choose between indigenous and commercial breeds, depending on climate, resources, and market goals.

Indigenous breeds, such as Nguni cattle or Boer goats, are naturally resilient to local diseases, harsh weather, and limited grazing conditions. They require lower maintenance and are ideal for extensive or small-scale farming systems. 

Commercial breeds, like Angus cattle or Dorper sheep, often yield higher production outputs but need closer management, balanced feed, and controlled environments.

When selecting a breed, farmers should consider:

1. Climate adaptability – suitability to local weather and grazing conditions.
2. Feed efficiency – how effectively the animal converts feed into weight or milk.
3. Market demand – preferences for certain meat or wool types.
4. Disease resistance – the ability to thrive with minimal veterinary intervention.

Ultimately, matching breed genetics with farm conditions ensures higher productivity, lower losses, and stronger returns — forming the basis of a profitable livestock enterprise.

Animal Health Management

Effective animal health management is critical to maintaining productivity, profitability, and animal welfare within any livestock operation. Healthy animals grow faster, reproduce efficiently, and produce better-quality meat, milk, and fibre — all of which directly impact farm income and sustainability.

A proactive approach focuses on prevention rather than treatment. This includes regular vaccinations, deworming, and tick control to protect against common diseases such as foot-and-mouth, lumpy skin disease, and heartwater. Maintaining clean housing areas, fresh water supplies, and proper waste management also reduces infection risks.

Farmers should develop a health management plan with a qualified veterinarian that includes:

1. Routine health checks – early detection of illness or stress.
2. Vaccination schedules – based on regional disease patterns.
3. Nutritional balance – providing the right feed and mineral supplements.
4. Biosecurity measures – limiting contact with outside animals to prevent disease spread.

Monitoring weight, appetite, and behaviour can provide early warning signs of health issues. Prompt response and record-keeping ensure traceability and effective management.

By prioritising animal health, farmers not only safeguard their herds but also enhance overall farm performance, market value, and long-term sustainability in South Africa’s livestock industry.

Also learn about: Red Meat Industry in SA: Everything You Need to Know

Livestock Welfare Principles 

Maintaining high livestock welfare standards is not only an ethical responsibility but also a key factor in ensuring productivity and product quality. Animals that are healthy, comfortable, and stress-free perform better, reproduce more efficiently, and deliver higher yields — strengthening both farm reputation and profitability.

South Africa’s livestock producers are increasingly guided by the “Five Freedoms” of animal welfare, which provide the foundation for ethical farming practices:

1. Freedom from hunger and thirst 

• Ensuring constant access to clean water and nutritious feed.
  

2. Freedom from discomfort 

• Providing suitable shelter and resting areas.
  

3. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease 

• Through prompt treatment and preventive care.
  

4. Freedom to express normal behaviour 

• Allowing adequate space and social interaction.
  

5. Freedom from fear and distress 

• Ensuring calm handling and humane treatment.

Good welfare practices extend across all stages of livestock management, from feeding and housing to transport and slaughter. Proper training for handlers, use of non-aggressive equipment, and minimising stress during loading and transport are vital.

By adhering to these welfare principles, farmers build trust with consumers and contribute to a more sustainable and responsible livestock industry in South Africa.

Also read: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Animals in SA

Market Basics & Economic Outlook

Understanding the livestock market is essential for farmers aiming to stay competitive and profitable in 2025. Livestock prices are influenced by a combination of production costs, consumer demand, export activity, and seasonal trends. Farmers who monitor these factors can make informed decisions about when to sell, restock, or expand.

The market operates primarily through auctions, abattoirs, and direct supply contracts, each offering different advantages in terms of pricing and convenience. Prices are often benchmarked using live and carcass values published by organisations like RMIS, which tracks real-time data on beef, lamb, and pork prices across South Africa.

Key price drivers include:

1. Feed and fuel costs – rising input expenses increase production costs.
2. Weather patterns – drought or heavy rainfall affect grazing and feed availability.
3. Export demand – international markets influence domestic supply and pricing.
4. Consumer spending power – economic shifts affect meat consumption trends.

Looking ahead, South Africa’s livestock market is expected to remain stable but cost-sensitive, with gradual recovery tied to improved rainfall and consistent consumer demand. Farmers who combine efficient production with market insight will be best positioned to thrive in the evolving agricultural landscape.

Conclusion

A strong understanding of livestock breeds, health, welfare, and market dynamics is essential for sustainable and profitable farming in South Africa. By adopting ethical practices, prioritising animal wellbeing, and staying informed on market trends, farmers can enhance productivity while contributing to a more resilient and responsible agricultural future.

Stay informed and empowered with accurate livestock insights from RMIS. Access up-to-date data, pricing trends, and expert analysis to make smarter farming decisions. Contact us for personalised reports, advisory support, and real-time updates shaping South Africa’s livestock industry.

Why Red Meat Prices Matter

Red meat prices play a vital role in South Africa’s economy and daily life. As one of the country’s most consumed protein sources, fluctuations in beef, lamb, and pork prices directly affect household budgets, consumer spending, and even national food security. When prices rise sharply, families often adjust their shopping habits — opting for cheaper cuts, smaller portions, or alternative proteins.

From an economic standpoint, red meat is a key indicator of agricultural health and market stability. Farmers depend on fair prices to sustain production, cover feed and transport costs, and reinvest in livestock operations. Retailers and butchers, in turn, must balance affordability with profitability while navigating changing demand patterns.

At a broader level, consistent price monitoring helps policymakers and businesses make informed decisions. It reveals underlying issues such as supply chain pressures, climate impacts, or trade fluctuations that could affect the entire food ecosystem.

In summary:

• Red meat prices reflect the economic health of the agricultural sector.
• They influence consumer affordability and purchasing trends.
• They help predict shifts in supply, demand, and production costs.

Understanding why red meat prices matter provides essential context for interpreting South Africa’s 2025 pricing trends.

Also read: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Animals in SA

Core Drivers of 2025 Prices 

The red meat prices in South Africa for 2025 are being shaped by several interlinked economic and environmental factors. Understanding these drivers provides valuable insight into current and future market trends.

1. Feed & Fuel Costs

Feed remains the largest expense in livestock farming. Rising global grain and fuel prices have elevated production and transportation costs, leading to higher retail prices across beef, lamb, and pork.

2. Weather & Climate Conditions

Unpredictable rainfall patterns and drought conditions in key regions have reduced grazing capacity. Farmers have been forced to purchase supplementary feed, putting additional pressure on margins and meat supply.

3. Rand Exchange Rate

Currency fluctuations continue to impact input costs. A weaker rand increases the price of imported feed and veterinary supplies but boosts export competitiveness, creating local supply shortages.

4. Load Shedding & Logistics

Energy instability and transport inefficiencies have inflated cold-chain and delivery costs, affecting price consistency across provinces.

5. Global Demand & Exports

Strong export demand from the Middle East and Asia for premium cuts has limited domestic availability, driving up local market prices.

Collectively, these factors underscore how 2025’s red meat pricing trends are shaped by both domestic challenges and international market forces.

Also learn about: Red Meat Industry in SA: Everything You Need to Know

Red Meat Prices in South Africa 2025 

As of mid-2025, the A2 carcass beef price hovers around R 80–85/kg, reflecting moderate upward pressure from export demand and input costs. Retail beef cuts (e.g. sirloin, rump, chuck) show more variation, ranging between R 130 and R 220/kg, depending on region, grade, and cut. 

In the sheep meat sector, recovery in A-grade carcass prices has pushed averages to roughly R 75–80/kg, a 14.5 % increase over the past four months. Retail lamb prices mirror this trend, though with added premiums for high-end cuts.

Key observations:

• Carcass vs retail gap: The difference between A2 carcass and retail cuts remains significant (typically 50 %+), reflecting costs of processing, distribution, and wastage.
• Regional variation: Prices in remote or high-cost provinces (e.g. Northern Cape, some rural Eastern Cape zones) tend to be 5–10 % higher due to transport and cold-chain constraints.
• Year-on-year comparison: Compared to 2024, beef A2 has moved sideways to slightly upward, while sheep meat shows stronger relative gains.

Overall, 2025’s red meat price landscape balances tight export-driven demand with domestic cost pressures, making premium cuts especially sensitive to market dynamics.

For more detail on Red Meat Prices, use the following tool that will answer all your questions: RMIS Red Meat Prices

Market Outlook & Consumer Trends

The outlook for red meat prices in South Africa in late 2025 remains cautiously optimistic, with a mix of stabilising and inflationary trends expected. Industry forecasts suggest that beef and lamb prices will remain firm through the remainder of the year, supported by steady export demand and moderate herd rebuilding. However, rising feed and energy costs could keep production expenses elevated, preventing significant price relief for consumers.

From a consumer perspective, shifting behaviour is becoming increasingly evident:

1. Value-driven purchasing – Shoppers are opting for more affordable cuts, mince, or mixed packs rather than premium steak cuts.
   
2. Bulk buying and promotions – Retailers are seeing stronger uptake of special offers and monthly combo deals as households seek savings.
   
3. Protein substitution – A growing number of consumers are turning to chicken, plant-based proteins, or smaller meat portions to manage budgets.
   
4. Transparency demand – There’s heightened interest in traceability and ethical sourcing, with consumers preferring locally produced meat where possible.

In the long term, a balanced recovery in grazing conditions and stable inflation could bring gradual relief to both farmers and consumers. Still, price volatility will likely remain a key feature of South Africa’s red meat market heading into 2026.

Conclusion

In summary, red meat prices in South Africa in 2025 reflect a delicate balance between rising production costs, export demand, and shifting consumer behaviour. While prices remain relatively high, improved rainfall and stable market conditions could ease pressure over time, ensuring a more sustainable outlook for producers and consumers alike.

Stay informed with the latest red meat market insights and live pricing updates from RMIS. Our platform helps farmers, retailers, and consumers make data-driven decisions. Visit rmis.co.za or contact us for expert support, customised reports, and real-time industry data that keeps you ahead of the market.

The Role of the Red Meat Industry in South Africa

The red meat industry is a vital pillar of South Africa’s agricultural economy, shaping livelihoods, food systems, and trade. Its influence can be seen across several key areas:

1. Economic Contribution
   • Provides income for both commercial and communal farmers.
   • Supports thousands of jobs in farming, transport, abattoirs, processing, retail, and exports.
     
2. Food Security & Nutrition
   • Supplies affordable and accessible protein to millions of households.
   • Delivers essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.
     
3. Rural Development
   • Strengthens rural economies by sustaining smallholder farmers.
   • Enables community resilience through livestock ownership and market participation.
     
4. Trade & Market Access
   • Domestic demand ensures a stable foundation for the industry.
   • Export opportunities help South Africa compete globally, boosting growth and visibility.
     
5. Value Chain Integration
   • Farmers, abattoirs, processors, retailers, and regulators form an interconnected network.
   • This collaboration ensures consistent supply, quality assurance, and competitiveness.

By driving both social and economic impact, the red meat industry extends its role far beyond primary production, positioning itself as a cornerstone of South Africa’s inclusive and resilient agricultural future.

Get the latest, most reliable slaughter statistics here

Current Challenges Facing the Industry

Despite its importance, the red meat industry in South Africa faces several challenges that affect growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. These include:

1. Animal Health Risks
   • Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) and other livestock diseases disrupt supply chains.
   • Biosecurity concerns increase costs for farmers and restrict animal movement.
     
2. Market Barriers
   • Disease incidents often result in export bans, limiting global market access.
   • Compliance with international trade standards requires significant investment.
     
3. Infrastructure & Market Access Gaps
   • Small-scale and communal farmers often lack access to formal markets.
   • Premium consumers increasingly demand traceability, sustainability, and animal welfare assurances.

4. Sustainability & Environmental Pressures
   • Predation leads to livestock losses, affecting farmer income.
   • Climate change and land degradation place added strain on production systems.
     
5. Economic Volatility
   • Rising feed and input costs reduce profitability.
   • Fluctuating demand and price instability challenge long-term planning.

Addressing these obstacles is essential for the sector to remain competitive. By improving disease management, strengthening infrastructure, and promoting inclusive growth, the red meat industry can overcome barriers and position itself for sustainable success.

Take a look at this interactive map of reported Foot-and-Mouth Disease cases

Opportunities for Growth

While challenges exist, the red meat industry in South Africa also holds significant opportunities for expansion, innovation, and inclusivity. Some of the most promising growth areas include:

1. Expanding Market Access
   • Formalising supply chains for communal and small-scale farmers.
   • Increasing the number of weaners entering the formal market to meet rising demand.
     
2. Traceability & Biosecurity
   • Adoption of digital traceability platforms improves disease control and product transparency.
   • Enhanced biosecurity strengthens consumer and trade partner confidence.
     
3. Mobile Processing Units (MPUs)
   • Delivering mobile cattle handling facilities directly to rural communities to bridge critical infrastructure gaps.
   • By bringing the facilities to farmers, the need for animal movement is reduced.
   • This approach not only improves access to services but also helps limit the spread of animal diseases through reduced transport.
   • Enable smallholder farmers to access formal markets and fair pricing.
     
4. Export Growth
   • Opportunities to expand exports to new international markets.
   • Compliance with global standards can unlock premium prices and build brand reputation.
     
5. Innovation & Research
   • Investment in R&D through initiatives like Field to Future that focus on addressing the on-the-ground issues and gaps within the industry.
   • Adoption of modern farming techniques and sustainable practices to boost productivity.

By leveraging these opportunities, the red meat industry can drive inclusive growth, enhance competitiveness, and secure a resilient future for all stakeholders.

Use this interactive map to locate animal diseases

The Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030

To ensure long-term growth and resilience, the red meat industry has developed the Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030, a roadmap designed to address current challenges while unlocking future opportunities. The strategy is built on four key pillars:

Animal & Public Health

• Focus on controlling diseases such as Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD).
• Strengthening biosecurity and animal welfare standards across the value chain.

Market Access

• Expanding domestic and export opportunities by meeting international trade requirements.
• Building trust through transparent systems like traceability platforms.

Inclusive Growth

• Supporting small-scale and communal farmers to integrate into the formal economy.
• Providing access to training, mobile handling facilities, and sustainable market participation.

Competitiveness & Sustainability

• Encouraging innovation and research through initiatives like Field to Future.
• Promoting environmentally responsible and economically viable farming practices.

This strategy aligns industry stakeholders, government, and service providers to work collectively towards shared goals. By 2030, the aim is to build a red meat industry that is competitive, sustainable, inclusive, and trusted, ensuring benefits for farmers, consumers, and the broader South African economy.

Read the latest FMD update: Steps to apply for an animal movement permit within the DMA

Conclusion

The red meat industry remains a cornerstone of South Africa’s agricultural and economic landscape. By addressing challenges, embracing innovation, and driving inclusive growth, it can secure long-term sustainability. Guided by the Red Meat Industry Strategy 2030, the sector is positioned to strengthen food security, market access, and national resilience.

Partner with RMIS in shaping the future of South Africa’s red meat industry. Stay informed with our latest reports, training opportunities, and initiatives that drive growth and resilience. For more information or to connect with our team, feel free to contact us today.

What is Foot and Mouth Disease in Animals?

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral illness that affects cloven-hoofed animals. It remains one of the most serious threats to livestock health in South Africa and worldwide. Key details include:

Animals Affected

• Cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and some wild game species.
• Young animals (calves, lambs) are particularly vulnerable to high mortality.

Cause & Transmission

• Caused by an Aphthovirus that spreads quickly between herds.
• Transmission occurs through direct animal contact, contaminated feed, water, or farm equipment.

Symptoms

• Fever and reduced appetite.
• Painful blisters on the mouth, tongue, hooves, and teats.
• Lameness, weight loss, and a sharp decline in milk production.

Human Impact

• Foot and mouth disease does not infect humans, but it severely disrupts trade and farming operations.
• Outbreaks often lead to animal movement restrictions, trade bans, or culling.

By understanding these basics, farmers and stakeholders can prioritise early detection, vaccination, and strong biosecurity to protect animal health and safeguard livelihoods.

Stay updated with foot and mouth disease: Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Updates

How Foot and Mouth Disease Affects Animals

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) has a direct and severe impact on livestock health, welfare, and productivity. Once animals are infected, the consequences can be long-lasting and economically damaging. Key effects include:

1. Reduced Productivity
   • Milk production drops sharply in dairy cows due to fever and mouth lesions.
   • Weight gain in beef cattle slows, reducing overall growth and market readiness.
     
2. Animal Welfare Issues
   • Painful blisters on the mouth, tongue, and hooves make eating and walking difficult.
   • Lameness often results, limiting mobility and increasing vulnerability to secondary infections.
   • Mastitis in dairy cows, which results in culling.
     
3. Impact on Young Animals
   • Calves, lambs, and piglets are especially at risk, with higher mortality rates.
   • Growth and development are stunted, reducing future productivity.
     
4. Long-Term Health Effects
   • Even after recovery, animals may suffer reduced fertility and ongoing weakness.
   • Herd performance declines, requiring additional resources for recovery.
     
5. Indirect Consequences
   • Farmers may be forced to cull infected animals to stop further spread.
   • Loss of valuable breeding stock disrupts herd development for years.

Overall, foot and mouth disease undermines both the health of animals and the economic security of farmers, making prevention and early control measures absolutely vital.

Read the latest foot and mouth disease update: Steps to apply for an animal movement permit within the DMA

Economic and Industry Implications

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) does not only harm animal health; it also places enormous strain on the broader livestock industry and national economy. The main implications include:

Farmer Losses

• Reduced milk yields, lower weight gain, and animal deaths cut into profits.
• Culling of infected herds leads to immediate financial setbacks and loss of valuable breeding stock.

Trade Restrictions

• Outbreaks often trigger export bans on red meat and live animals.
• Loss of international market access undermines competitiveness and revenue.

Market Instability

• Domestic prices fluctuate as supply is disrupted.
• Consumers may shift buying behaviour due to safety concerns.

Value Chain Disruptions

• Abattoirs, feedlots, and transporters experience delays and reduced throughput.
• Rural communities relying on livestock income face economic hardship.

National Economic Impact

• Agriculture’s contribution to GDP weakens during prolonged outbreaks.
• Emergency disease control measures increase government and industry costs.

Ultimately, foot and mouth disease threatens both livelihoods and food security, highlighting why strict control and rapid response are essential for protecting the red meat industry.

Take a look at this interactive map of reported Foot-and-Mouth Disease cases

How Foot and Mouth Disease Spreads Among Animals

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is highly contagious, and its rapid spread makes it one of the most difficult livestock diseases to control. Transmission occurs through several pathways:

1. Direct Animal Contact
   • Sick animals spread the virus through saliva, milk, breath, and secretions.
   • Herds grazing or drinking water together are at high risk.
     
2. Contaminated Surfaces
   • Farm equipment, feeding troughs, and water sources can carry the virus.
   • Transport Vehicles and tools that move between farms often act as carriers.
     
3. Human Movement
   • Clothing, shoes, and hands of farmworkers or visitors can transport the virus unknowingly.
   • Lack of biosecurity measures increases the risk of accidental spread.
     
4. Animal Movement & Trade
   • Moving infected animals across regions or borders rapidly spreads the disease.
   • Informal or uncontrolled markets increase exposure.
     
5. Environmental Persistence
   • The virus can survive for weeks in soil, hay, and manure under cool conditions.

Because foot and mouth disease spreads so easily, strict quarantine, movement control, and hygiene practices are essential to stop outbreaks from escalating.

Stay updated with the latest animal disease reports and insights here.

Prevention and Control Measures

Controlling Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) requires a combination of strong biosecurity, rapid response, and long-term prevention strategies. Key measures include:

Quarantine & Movement Control

• Infected farms are isolated to stop further spread.
• Animal movement is restricted within Disease Management Areas.

Vaccination

• Strategic vaccination campaigns in high-risk zones reduce outbreaks.
• Regular booster doses help maintain herd immunity.

On-Farm Biosecurity

• Farmers must disinfect equipment, vehicles, and footwear.
• Limiting visitors and controlling herd contact reduces exposure.

Traceability Systems

• Digital platforms track animal movements and incidents in real time.
• Quick reporting ensures faster containment during outbreaks.

Government & Industry Collaboration

• Joint efforts provide resources for surveillance, testing, and farmer support.
• Coordinated communication ensures stakeholders act swiftly and consistently.

Through consistent application of these measures, the livestock sector can significantly reduce the risk of foot and mouth disease outbreaks and protect both animal health and farmer livelihoods.

Register your production unit now: RMIS Traceability Platform

Conclusion

Foot and Mouth Disease remains one of the greatest threats to livestock health and farming in South Africa. By strengthening prevention, investing in biosecurity, and supporting coordinated responses, the industry can reduce outbreaks. Protecting animals against foot and mouth disease is essential for safeguarding farmers, trade, and national food security.

Join RMIS in the fight against Foot and Mouth Disease by staying informed, implementing strong prevention measures, and supporting industry-wide initiatives. Together, we can protect livestock and strengthen South Africa’s red meat sector. For more details or support, feel free to contact us today.