• Alignment between national and provincial response measures
• National dashboard for progress reporting of vaccine rollout per province
• A single official channel for documentation and communication
• Prioritised producer awareness and practical guidance on FMD

Vaccines – What You Need to Know
Confirmed by Prof. Francois Maree (Virologist, University of Pretoria and MTT member).

Mixing different FMD vaccines is safe
• Mixing different types of inactivated FMD vaccines is safe, not harmful to animals, and does not reduce protection.
• Example: If your cattle were first vaccinated with BVI, they can safely be vaccinated with Dollvet or Biogenesis Bago as part of the follow-up strategy.
• This approach is known as a heterologous prime-boost (“mix and match”) vaccination strategy.

Heterologous prime-boost (“mix and match”) can be a good vaccination strategy
• All vaccines contain the same basic FMD virus antigens (such as SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3), even if the exact strains differ slightly.
• This means the animal’s immune system recognises the different antigens and gives a stronger and quicker response when vaccinated with a different formulation.
• Research suggests that using different formulations can strengthen and broaden the immune response, often resulting in better protection against virus variation in the field.

Mixing FMD vaccines with OTHER vaccines is safe
• It is safe to give FMD vaccines on the same day as other vaccines such as anthrax or E. coli.
• Studies show that this does not interfere with the effectiveness of the FMD vaccine.

Best Practice
• Do not mix different vaccines in the same syringe or needle, because different vaccine bases (oil and water) can interact if mixed.
• If animals receive more than one vaccine on the same day:
– Inject one vaccine on one side of the animal
– Inject the FMD vaccine on the opposite side
– This helps reduce local reactions and makes it easier to identify the cause if swelling occurs

•As with any vaccination programme, animals should be monitored for any adverse reactions.